Word Origin of Feminism
Version 1 à 1880s, found in France, by Hubertine Auclert, Dlm journal La Citoyenne. To criticize the power and male domination and the struggle for women's rights and emancipation promised the French Revolution Version 2 à 1890s, the Athenaeum (27/04/1895), derived from the Latin word Femina = having the quality of women. Just an awareness but not awareness of political and theoretical.
As the term feminism emerged in Britain in the early decades of the 20th century America in 1910 In 1920 In Egypt in the Arab right nisa'iyya Becoming a distinguished term global Being African American mengistilahkannya womanism In Latin America became mujerista In Indonesia = female perspective
The definition of Feminism is a movement of women demanding their full rights sebbagai man, against the sexual division of labor (based on gender analysis) that places men in the public sector: work, sports, war and government-while women are enslaved without pay at home (domestic work) pass up the workload of family life.
An awareness of the oppression and exploitation against women in society, in the workplace and in families, and conscious action by women and men to change things Must. Feminism is a noun which means policies, practices & advocate (defense) against the political, economic and social equality for women. While feminist => adjective or object which the word also means people who fight for feminism.
Other definitions of feminism: a social theory and political movement. President of feminism that is informed and motivated by the experience of women who provide a critique of gender inequality and promote the rights, interests & various women's issues feminism is not singular, diverse, and not necessarily western women. in asia: feminism emerged the 19th century. feminism did not come as an expense in the west to 3rd world china, Century 18: discussion of women's rights & education. early 20th century in India, Turkey, Egypt, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Indonesia have been no struggle of women (Kumari Jayawardena in feminism & Nationalism in the third world 1986)
Feminism theories aim to understand the nature of inequality & Focus on gender politics, power & seksualitas.Para Relasi2 feminist political activists advocating social, political & economic distinguished between the two sexes equal. Conducting a campaign to isu2: Reproductive rights, violence against women (rape, domestic violence, sexual violence), maternity leave, equal pay, sexual harassment, and discrimination. Which explored themes: discrimination, stereotype, objectification (especially sexual), oppression, marginalization, exploitation, subordination, domestication & patriarchy
The basis of the ideology of feminism is that communities are organized in a patriarchal system in which laki2 benefit more than women. modern feminist theory generally, though not exclusively, associated with middle-class academics barat.walaupun, feminist activism is a grassroots movement which exceeds the boundaries of class and race. that there is a specific activism in culture and to question the issue relating to women distinguished in the context of a particular society. à example female genital cutting in Sudan (female circumcision - not a drop in Java), honor killings - Pakistan, chiffon / belis in East Nusa Tenggara.
History of Feminism as Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, feminism emerged almost simultaneously with the ideology-ideology Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797), author of "vindication of the rights of the women". Waves in the first wave of feminism - Mary w or 18th century - 20th century, to obtain property rights, the right to vote in the usa and uk. context abolisionits movement, socialism / Marxism, the philosophy of existentialism (Sartre). The second wave, 1960s-1970s, began the issue of autonomy of the body, violence against women. context with new left student movement anti-war Vietnam, Martin Luther King (anti racism), or third-generation wave of interest, 1990 - present, feminism is global, gender negara2 adopted by UN members, international agencies. but also occur backlash against feminism. Women blamed for juvenile delinquency, divorce eminence.
The relationship of feminism to sex and gender history of feminism was 3 centuries there were many findings of feminism or the result of the struggle of feminism: women's crisis centers, autonomous bodies and female sexuality, women's leadership, affirmative action (quota 30%), women's education, interpretation of women's studies women, one of the findings is the gender analysis is the mother of gender feminism
The discovery of the term gender as a concept (not yet use the term gender), was first written by a woman anthropologist, Margaret Mead. male & female behavior is cultural production in his book Sex and temperament in three primitive societies (1935) 1947, Simone de Beauvoir, in his book the second sex, biological determinism as the dominant way to menteorikan about distinction between type 2 genital 2. 1975, Gayle Rubin, with a look at Marx, Levi Strauss & freud build the term "sex-gender system" through which sex is natural or from nature [of us born in the world become a distinguished cultural gender [formation of human / community / society of gender analysis is widely used in relation to development. popularized by feminist academics ann Oakley from England in the early 1980s.
Streams within feminism there is a lot: liberal feminism, Marxist f, f radical, socialist f, (usually 3 or 4 main stream is called). other than that there existentialist f, f color (womanism), f cultural, multicultural f, f anarchist, ecofeminisme, f postmodernism, gender f, french f, f separatist, lesbian f. and there is also a theology of f, f religion, spirituality & peace f, f the world into three, Islamic / Muslim feminists, and feminism asia
Liberal Feminism women (or men) who seeks to work within the existing system to create a better system for women. "Theory of personal freedom for women. liberal feminist is one of the main stream of political and social feminist theory & who has a distinguished history of the longest "(Humm) emphasized the equality of men & women DNG is based on universal values to minimize the differences between men & women's efforts for the success of the system; renewal rather than individual rebellion more important than group
Radical Feminism / Cultural woman who said that the whole system is corrupt & the men and broke away to start their own community. generally felt that women better than men and should they lead. dedicated to creating a culture of women who separate and radical. emphasizes that women are different from and superior to men and often defend this fact through the form of female-2 culture. idea of a female aesthetic as well as the desire of an individual a separate women's culture is more important than essensialis group: the absolute essence of women's suppression & more important is the difference between men & women is biology.
feminist materialist / neo-Marxists do not believe essensialisme. women are not one way & another man because of the way but because of cultural biology. look at women as a class and gender as a construction. "The goal of Marxist feminism is: to describe the material basis of women's defeat, and the relationship between capital production and the status of women, and apply theory & class women in the family role (Humm) minimize biological differences between men & women's emphasis on material conditions of production such as history, race, class and gender groups are more important than individual
ekofeminisme link between the environmental movement and the women's movement as a term invented by French feminist Francois d'eaubonne (1974). social movements who look at the oppression of women and nature intertwined. This movement uses gender as a starting point to work round out all forms of oppression: whether it genders [not only men & women, there is also a transsexual, transgender, lesbian, bisexual], various race classes, nature & the earth. because of close ties between nature and spirituality, the worship of the goddess and the sacred feminine which is often associated DNG ekofeminisme.
third world feminism known and understood as a feminist Postcolonial ke3à the f world as a result of capitalism, women in 3rd world will be suppressed by other factors besides patriarchy. examples of 3rd world women experiencing contraceptive trials during the testing process which seems to have been used by the women of the world's first colored women's political opposition and the world to 3 against sexism, racism, and imperialistic structures which created the world's political similarities to 3 are used to distinguish between people who do not alliance with the capitalist west and also not with the socialist east. terms of the world to 3 was found by French economists, alfred sauvy (1952)
feminism religions androsentrisme criticize feminism, sexism, language that exclusive to men, marginalization and exclusion of women from religious practices, the hierarchy of patriarchy in all world religions
western feminism and religion (Christianity) division in secular feminist, new age feminist, Christian feminist liberal, secular feminist evangelical f: humanists who do not talk about god, the appearance of religion Dlm discussion of feminism. view scripture as one of the ideas of ancient relics which chauvinist or no relevance to the debate is happening on the role of women and men in modern society f new age: who was involved in the pagan goddess worship women. try to find back the cult of goddess and nature distinguished feminine / maternal. liberal christian f: operating Dlm Christian framework approach to feminism and theology in general and a distinguished liberal approach. Bible writers were men of their contemporaries and limited in perspective. using hermenetika suspicion in systematics assuming that the holy book distinguished male writer - feminism advanced religion and the interpreter DNG aware of women's role in covering the early days kekristenan.penggunaan hermenetika it easier to take off offensively in the bible. evangelical f: general (though not always) holds conservative views on scripture and theology but they do not embrace feminist ideal to eliminate gender roles in society, church and home. BHW bible believing something authoritative and understandable sabagi something that supports the feminist view.
islamic muslim feminist or feminist as a new term appeared in 1990, in various global locations: Iranian women in the journal zanan, Turkey and South Africa a new awareness, new ways of thinking, a distinguished feminist gender discourse in the aspirations and also Islamic Dlm tuntutan2nya & language & source of legitimacy. defense of the rights of women, gender equality and social justice using Islam as a basic discourse, or a distinguished vital, although it is not always one -> social science tools and a secular discourse of rights and justice they ayes DNG islamic terms of identity struggle as feminists and feminists from the beginning is islamic iran zanan journal contributors, activists from South Africa and sisters in Islam in Malaysia.
asia feminism is more than understanding the theory of feminism in the head about a life-long commitment to the empowerment of women, pure distinguished partnership between women and men, and the total transformation of society. an experiment, a certain perspective, ways of thinking and lifestyle
factors which perpetuate gender inequality patriarchal cultural belief systems of economic system / interpretation of the religion [religious] education system adapt the political system in response to the injustice of gender justice and gender equality perspectives / perspectives of women empowerment of women wid (women in development) wad (women and development) gad (gender and development) gender mainstreaming
Patriarchy is an ideology which arises from the power of men to women among anggota2 kinship exchange, as a symbol of male principle, as the power of the father, to express the male control over women's sexuality and fertility, to describe the structure of domination [of power] a system of men who come from households therein father who ruled [dominate], and then reproduce this structure [inherited, inherited] through society in gender relations.
Case of Oppression Against Women Together Social Construction of male sexuality Violence against women Keibuaan (motherhood or ibuisme) Child Care & Reproductive Technology Reproductive Salaries for Production of Domestic Work Domestic Work Debate of the Working Women's Doubles = Expenses not Dual Role
Various Thoughts & Issues of Women's Movement
Child care and the role of sex-gender domestic violence female Shaman Autonomous body's natural childbirth: birth control & abortion Female Reproductive Technology In an economy of sexual harassment Replies Attacks Against Rape KembaliSeksualitas PornografiMelawan body image sensor Why be a wife? Motherhood (maternal) Progress Jokes Find who unfriendly skies glass (glass ceiling) = allowed to view but no permission to get there
Impact GenderRendahnya concept of women's education level: 79.6% 67% illiteracy rate of women working in the informal sector: domestic workers, maids and prostitutes low political participation of women high maternal mortality rate between 350-750 per 100,000 Hukum2 gender bias: Marriage Law No.1 / 1974 and Regulation / draft regulation based on religion or a particular cultural value
Version 1 à 1880s, found in France, by Hubertine Auclert, Dlm journal La Citoyenne. To criticize the power and male domination and the struggle for women's rights and emancipation promised the French Revolution Version 2 à 1890s, the Athenaeum (27/04/1895), derived from the Latin word Femina = having the quality of women. Just an awareness but not awareness of political and theoretical.
As the term feminism emerged in Britain in the early decades of the 20th century America in 1910 In 1920 In Egypt in the Arab right nisa'iyya Becoming a distinguished term global Being African American mengistilahkannya womanism In Latin America became mujerista In Indonesia = female perspective
The definition of Feminism is a movement of women demanding their full rights sebbagai man, against the sexual division of labor (based on gender analysis) that places men in the public sector: work, sports, war and government-while women are enslaved without pay at home (domestic work) pass up the workload of family life.
An awareness of the oppression and exploitation against women in society, in the workplace and in families, and conscious action by women and men to change things Must. Feminism is a noun which means policies, practices & advocate (defense) against the political, economic and social equality for women. While feminist => adjective or object which the word also means people who fight for feminism.
Other definitions of feminism: a social theory and political movement. President of feminism that is informed and motivated by the experience of women who provide a critique of gender inequality and promote the rights, interests & various women's issues feminism is not singular, diverse, and not necessarily western women. in asia: feminism emerged the 19th century. feminism did not come as an expense in the west to 3rd world china, Century 18: discussion of women's rights & education. early 20th century in India, Turkey, Egypt, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Indonesia have been no struggle of women (Kumari Jayawardena in feminism & Nationalism in the third world 1986)
Feminism theories aim to understand the nature of inequality & Focus on gender politics, power & seksualitas.Para Relasi2 feminist political activists advocating social, political & economic distinguished between the two sexes equal. Conducting a campaign to isu2: Reproductive rights, violence against women (rape, domestic violence, sexual violence), maternity leave, equal pay, sexual harassment, and discrimination. Which explored themes: discrimination, stereotype, objectification (especially sexual), oppression, marginalization, exploitation, subordination, domestication & patriarchy
The basis of the ideology of feminism is that communities are organized in a patriarchal system in which laki2 benefit more than women. modern feminist theory generally, though not exclusively, associated with middle-class academics barat.walaupun, feminist activism is a grassroots movement which exceeds the boundaries of class and race. that there is a specific activism in culture and to question the issue relating to women distinguished in the context of a particular society. à example female genital cutting in Sudan (female circumcision - not a drop in Java), honor killings - Pakistan, chiffon / belis in East Nusa Tenggara.
History of Feminism as Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, feminism emerged almost simultaneously with the ideology-ideology Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797), author of "vindication of the rights of the women". Waves in the first wave of feminism - Mary w or 18th century - 20th century, to obtain property rights, the right to vote in the usa and uk. context abolisionits movement, socialism / Marxism, the philosophy of existentialism (Sartre). The second wave, 1960s-1970s, began the issue of autonomy of the body, violence against women. context with new left student movement anti-war Vietnam, Martin Luther King (anti racism), or third-generation wave of interest, 1990 - present, feminism is global, gender negara2 adopted by UN members, international agencies. but also occur backlash against feminism. Women blamed for juvenile delinquency, divorce eminence.
The relationship of feminism to sex and gender history of feminism was 3 centuries there were many findings of feminism or the result of the struggle of feminism: women's crisis centers, autonomous bodies and female sexuality, women's leadership, affirmative action (quota 30%), women's education, interpretation of women's studies women, one of the findings is the gender analysis is the mother of gender feminism
The discovery of the term gender as a concept (not yet use the term gender), was first written by a woman anthropologist, Margaret Mead. male & female behavior is cultural production in his book Sex and temperament in three primitive societies (1935) 1947, Simone de Beauvoir, in his book the second sex, biological determinism as the dominant way to menteorikan about distinction between type 2 genital 2. 1975, Gayle Rubin, with a look at Marx, Levi Strauss & freud build the term "sex-gender system" through which sex is natural or from nature [of us born in the world become a distinguished cultural gender [formation of human / community / society of gender analysis is widely used in relation to development. popularized by feminist academics ann Oakley from England in the early 1980s.
Streams within feminism there is a lot: liberal feminism, Marxist f, f radical, socialist f, (usually 3 or 4 main stream is called). other than that there existentialist f, f color (womanism), f cultural, multicultural f, f anarchist, ecofeminisme, f postmodernism, gender f, french f, f separatist, lesbian f. and there is also a theology of f, f religion, spirituality & peace f, f the world into three, Islamic / Muslim feminists, and feminism asia
Liberal Feminism women (or men) who seeks to work within the existing system to create a better system for women. "Theory of personal freedom for women. liberal feminist is one of the main stream of political and social feminist theory & who has a distinguished history of the longest "(Humm) emphasized the equality of men & women DNG is based on universal values to minimize the differences between men & women's efforts for the success of the system; renewal rather than individual rebellion more important than group
Radical Feminism / Cultural woman who said that the whole system is corrupt & the men and broke away to start their own community. generally felt that women better than men and should they lead. dedicated to creating a culture of women who separate and radical. emphasizes that women are different from and superior to men and often defend this fact through the form of female-2 culture. idea of a female aesthetic as well as the desire of an individual a separate women's culture is more important than essensialis group: the absolute essence of women's suppression & more important is the difference between men & women is biology.
feminist materialist / neo-Marxists do not believe essensialisme. women are not one way & another man because of the way but because of cultural biology. look at women as a class and gender as a construction. "The goal of Marxist feminism is: to describe the material basis of women's defeat, and the relationship between capital production and the status of women, and apply theory & class women in the family role (Humm) minimize biological differences between men & women's emphasis on material conditions of production such as history, race, class and gender groups are more important than individual
ekofeminisme link between the environmental movement and the women's movement as a term invented by French feminist Francois d'eaubonne (1974). social movements who look at the oppression of women and nature intertwined. This movement uses gender as a starting point to work round out all forms of oppression: whether it genders [not only men & women, there is also a transsexual, transgender, lesbian, bisexual], various race classes, nature & the earth. because of close ties between nature and spirituality, the worship of the goddess and the sacred feminine which is often associated DNG ekofeminisme.
third world feminism known and understood as a feminist Postcolonial ke3à the f world as a result of capitalism, women in 3rd world will be suppressed by other factors besides patriarchy. examples of 3rd world women experiencing contraceptive trials during the testing process which seems to have been used by the women of the world's first colored women's political opposition and the world to 3 against sexism, racism, and imperialistic structures which created the world's political similarities to 3 are used to distinguish between people who do not alliance with the capitalist west and also not with the socialist east. terms of the world to 3 was found by French economists, alfred sauvy (1952)
feminism religions androsentrisme criticize feminism, sexism, language that exclusive to men, marginalization and exclusion of women from religious practices, the hierarchy of patriarchy in all world religions
western feminism and religion (Christianity) division in secular feminist, new age feminist, Christian feminist liberal, secular feminist evangelical f: humanists who do not talk about god, the appearance of religion Dlm discussion of feminism. view scripture as one of the ideas of ancient relics which chauvinist or no relevance to the debate is happening on the role of women and men in modern society f new age: who was involved in the pagan goddess worship women. try to find back the cult of goddess and nature distinguished feminine / maternal. liberal christian f: operating Dlm Christian framework approach to feminism and theology in general and a distinguished liberal approach. Bible writers were men of their contemporaries and limited in perspective. using hermenetika suspicion in systematics assuming that the holy book distinguished male writer - feminism advanced religion and the interpreter DNG aware of women's role in covering the early days kekristenan.penggunaan hermenetika it easier to take off offensively in the bible. evangelical f: general (though not always) holds conservative views on scripture and theology but they do not embrace feminist ideal to eliminate gender roles in society, church and home. BHW bible believing something authoritative and understandable sabagi something that supports the feminist view.
islamic muslim feminist or feminist as a new term appeared in 1990, in various global locations: Iranian women in the journal zanan, Turkey and South Africa a new awareness, new ways of thinking, a distinguished feminist gender discourse in the aspirations and also Islamic Dlm tuntutan2nya & language & source of legitimacy. defense of the rights of women, gender equality and social justice using Islam as a basic discourse, or a distinguished vital, although it is not always one -> social science tools and a secular discourse of rights and justice they ayes DNG islamic terms of identity struggle as feminists and feminists from the beginning is islamic iran zanan journal contributors, activists from South Africa and sisters in Islam in Malaysia.
asia feminism is more than understanding the theory of feminism in the head about a life-long commitment to the empowerment of women, pure distinguished partnership between women and men, and the total transformation of society. an experiment, a certain perspective, ways of thinking and lifestyle
factors which perpetuate gender inequality patriarchal cultural belief systems of economic system / interpretation of the religion [religious] education system adapt the political system in response to the injustice of gender justice and gender equality perspectives / perspectives of women empowerment of women wid (women in development) wad (women and development) gad (gender and development) gender mainstreaming
Patriarchy is an ideology which arises from the power of men to women among anggota2 kinship exchange, as a symbol of male principle, as the power of the father, to express the male control over women's sexuality and fertility, to describe the structure of domination [of power] a system of men who come from households therein father who ruled [dominate], and then reproduce this structure [inherited, inherited] through society in gender relations.
Case of Oppression Against Women Together Social Construction of male sexuality Violence against women Keibuaan (motherhood or ibuisme) Child Care & Reproductive Technology Reproductive Salaries for Production of Domestic Work Domestic Work Debate of the Working Women's Doubles = Expenses not Dual Role
Various Thoughts & Issues of Women's Movement
Child care and the role of sex-gender domestic violence female Shaman Autonomous body's natural childbirth: birth control & abortion Female Reproductive Technology In an economy of sexual harassment Replies Attacks Against Rape KembaliSeksualitas PornografiMelawan body image sensor Why be a wife? Motherhood (maternal) Progress Jokes Find who unfriendly skies glass (glass ceiling) = allowed to view but no permission to get there
Impact GenderRendahnya concept of women's education level: 79.6% 67% illiteracy rate of women working in the informal sector: domestic workers, maids and prostitutes low political participation of women high maternal mortality rate between 350-750 per 100,000 Hukum2 gender bias: Marriage Law No.1 / 1974 and Regulation / draft regulation based on religion or a particular cultural value
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar